Trámites para solicitar el asilo político en EE.UU.

Trmites para solicitar el asilo polã ­tico en EE.UU. Solicitar y obtener el asilo polã ­tico permite que personas extranjeras puedan quedarse a vivir en Estados Unidos y ganar estatus lawful. Con el paso del tiempo puede obtener una tarjeta de residencia permanente â€green card†y despuã ©s, si se desea, la ciudadanã ­a estadounidense. Sin ban, una nueva polã ­tica anunciada por el gobierno del presidente Donald Trump y con fecha de entrada en energy del 16 de julio de 2019 limita grandemente quiã ©nes pueden solicitar asilo en la frontera terrestre que separa Estados Unidos y Mã ©xico, como se explica ms abajo. Causas para solicitar el asilo en Estados Unidos Puede solicitar asilo polã ­tico cualquier persona que teme, con fundamento, que pueda ser perseguida o ya ha sufrido persecuciã ³n por razã ³n de: su razanacionalidadreligiã ³nopiniã ³n polã ­ticapor pertenecer an un determinado grupo social Si no se cumple con ninguna de estas causas, todavã ­a roughage otras opciones migratorias para las vã ­ctimas de: asalto sexualviolencia que califica para la visa Utrfico humano (visa T)violencia domã ©stica por ley que se conoce como VAWAprograma SIJ para niã ±os y jã ³venes solteros menores de 21 aã ±os que sufren abuso, negligencia o abandono. Dã ³nde y cundo se solicita el asilo Para solicitar el asilo es requisito imprescindible que el solicitante se encuentre presencia en Estados Unidos o en una de sus fronteras. Sin ban, a partir del 16 de julio de 2019 tasks los migrantes que se presentan en la frontera terrestre de Estados Unidos con Mã ©xico y solicitan asilo sern rechazados, excepto en dos excepciones. En preliminary lugar, se aceptar la peticiã ³n de asilo de aquellos migrantes que puedan demostrar que pidieron asilo en al menos un tercer paã ­s por el que hayan pasado previamente y dicha solicitud fue rechazada. Y, en segundo lugar, se aceptar para su tramitaciã ³n â€que no quiere decir aprobaciã ³n†la solicitud de migrantes que pueden probar que han sido vã ­ctimas de una forma severa de trfico humano. Esta nueva polã ­tica afecta los migrantes de todas las nacionalidades que se presentan en la frontera terrestre sur de EE.UU y solicitan asilo, excepto mexicanos y canadienses, que child vecinos geogrficamente y, por lo tanto, no estar obligados a pedir asilo previamente en un tercer paã ­s. Sin ban, sã ­ que afecta a los mexicanos que se presentan en una frontera marã ­tima. Por ejemplo, un salvadoreã ±o que deal de su paã ­s por vã ­a terrestre con el balance de llegar an EE.UU. est obligado a pedir asilo en Guatemala o Mã ©xico bets que en EE.UU. ya que en la frontera estadounidense solo se aceptar su solicitud si: se cumplen los requisitos para el asilopuede demostrar que aplicã ³ en al menos un paã ­s por el que transitã ³ y su aplicaciã ³n no ha sido aceptada. Si eso no es asã ­, el oficial de migraciã ³n de EE.UU. no aceptar una aplicaciã ³n de asilo en la frontera estadounidense. Adems, las personas que ya se encuentran en EE.UU. podrn solicitar asilo bets de que pase un aã ±o a contar desde el dã ­a de la à ºltima entrada al paã ­s. Sin ban, existen excepciones an esta à ºltima regla. Por ejemplo, si una persona ha entrado hace ms de 365 dã ­as y en su paã ­s de origen se produce un cambio de rã ©gimen que lo pone en peligro si regresa, puede entonces solicitar el asilo. Child lo que se llama circunstancias excepcionales o cambiantes. Obligaciã ³n de esperar en Mã ©xico Una de las novedades en materia migratoria impuestas por el gobierno del presidente Donald Trump es el Programa de Protocolo de Protecciã ³n al Migrante, conocido por sus iniciales MPP o por Permanecer en Mã ©xico. Segã ºn este programa que comenzã ³ an implementarse en enero de 2019 en el Puerto de Entrada de San Ysidro y se ha extendido an otros puntos de a frontera sur, los solicitantes de asilo en la frontera que no pasan la entrevista de miedo creã ­ble efectuada en persona, por telã ©fono o videoconferencia con un oficial de USCIS, child puestos en un procedimiento de remociã ³n y deben esperar en Mã ©xico mientras esperan su caso. Estas personas reciben una carta en la que se le notifica quã © dã ­a deben presentarse en la entrada del paso migratorio an EE.UU. para ser escoltados por oficiales de ICE a corte migratoria, para decidir sobre ace schedule de su procedimiento. Bet esa Corte es donde deben luchar para ganar su caso de asilo. Tipos de solicitud de asiloâ Roughage dos posibles caminos para pedir asilo: el afirmativo, que choose el Servicio de Inmigraciã ³n y Ciudadanã ­a, (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglã ©s) y el defensivo, que se tiene lugar en corte legal. Proceso afirmativo de asilo bet USCIS Como regla general, debe esperarse un proceso largo en el que deben llenarse formularios y presentar un buen argumento de las razones para que el asilo ocean aprobado. Elâ formulario I-589 es el que se utiliza para solicitar el asilo. Una vez que se pone en marcha el proceso se recibir una carta del USCIS notificando la apertura del caso y su identificaciã ³n con un nombre. El solicitante de asilo recibir ms tarde una carta para presentarse en un Centro de Apoyo an Aplicaciones para sacar las huellas digitales y otros datos biomã ©tricos. Si la persona que solicita el asilo incluye en su peticiã ³n a su cã ³nyuge y/o hijos solteros menores de 21 aã ±os y estos estn en USA, debern tambiã ©n presentarse para esa cita. Posteriormente, el solicitante de asilo recibir una carta en la que se fija el dã ­a y el lugar para una entrevista con un oficial del USCIS. Es muy conveniente ir acompaã ±ado de un abogado y preparar la entrevista de tal manera que task lo que se conteste guarde consistencia con lo que se afirmã ³ en la carta de solicitud de asilo. Adems, si estn en USA el cã ³nyuge y/o hijos para los que se pide un asilo derivado, tambiã ©n deben presentarse. Por à ºltimo, llevar testigos, si los roughage y pueden ayudar al caso y toda la documentaciã ³n que apoye el caso y sirva para identificarse, unique y una copia traducida al inglã ©s. A continuaciã ³n, el oficial que realiza la entrevista llega an una decisiã ³n, que debe ser supervisada por su prevalent. En algunos casos habr internamente dentro del USCIS otra revisiã ³n, pero child casos excepcionales. Finalmente, USCIS comunica la decisiã ³n, bien en persona al solicitante que debe presentarse de nuevo en una oficina del USCIS o bien por carta. Si el asilo es aprobado, se puede trabajar y permanecer en Estados Unidos, solicitar un Nã ºmero del Seguro Social, sacar la licencia de manejar, y se podrã ­a tener derecho a ciertos beneficios sociales como Medicaid, SNAP o TANF. Sin ban, la peticiã ³n puede ser denegada por cualquiera de las siguientes causas: no se reã ºnen las condiciones para ser considerado asilado por no probar miedo creã ­ble.porque se ha cometido cierto tipo de delitos graves o se es considerado un peligro a la seguridad nacional, como por ejemplo formar parte de pandillas.porque se estaba asentado de manera firme en un tercer paã ­s bets de venir a los Estados Unidospor no cumplirse con los requisitos de plazos (1 aã ±o desde la à ºltima llegada al paã ­s para solicitar) o porque previamente ya una corte lo habã ­a denegado y no roughage cambios excepcionales. Si la solicitud de asilo es negada y el solicitante carece de estatus migratorio lawful el USCIS lo envã ­a bet el sistema de Cortes de Inmigraciã ³n donde se abre un proceso de deportaciã ³n (expulsion procedures) y se analizar de nuevo si tiene derecho al asilo, en lo que se conoce como procedimiento defensivo. Proceso defensivo los requisitos para asilo bet corte En el proceso defensivo de la solicitud de asilo el solicitante tiene abierto en su contra un procedimiento de deportaciã ³n o de expulsiã ³n inmediataâ (removal procedures). Esto sucede en varios casos. Por ejemplo: cuando el USCIS deniega una peticiã ³n de asilo (tipo afirmativo) an una persona que no tiene estatus legal.cuando una persona indocumentada es detenida o esâ agarrada intentando ingresar ilegalmente la frontera yâ en ese momento solicita asilo.cuando una persona realiza una solicitud de asilo al llegar an un puerto de ingreso an EE.UU. y, despuã ©s de una entrevista con un oficial de USCIS, este determina que no ha pasado satisfactoriamente la entrevista de miedo creã ­ble. El juez puede conceder la peticiã ³n de asilo o denegarla. En este à ºltimo caso, la decisiã ³n se puede apelar. Si la solicitud se considera que fue frã ­vola, la persona que la presentã ³ no podr regresar an EE.UU. siguiendo un conducto legitimate. Si se agota la apelaciã ³n sin que el asilo se conceda, el extranjero debe abandonar Estados Unidos, a menos que pueda conseguir algã ºn tipo de protecciã ³n, como un retaining of evacuation o una protecciã ³n bajo el acuerdo contra la tortura (CAT, por sus siglas en inglã ©s). Asilo para los familiares inmediatosâ El esposo o la mujer y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aã ±os de una persona a la que se le aprueba la peticiã ³n de asilo pueden tambiã ©n beneficiarse de ese mismo estatus, tanto si ya estn en ese momento en Estados Unidos como si estn en otro paã ­s. En ambos casos lo que tiene que hacer la persona que gana el asilo es llenar una aplicaciã ³n I-730 (after to-join) por cada uno de los miembros de su familia que reã ºnen esas condiciones. Tiene dos aã ±os para hacerlo y el plazo comienza a contar desde el dã ­a en que se le aprobã ³ la solicitud. Adems, la relaciã�

Strategic Alternatives for Marvel Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Key Alternatives for Marvel - Case Study Example This targets expanding the commercial center offer for the Marvel venture. Recording, for instance, is one such practice where rivalry is fundamental. Thusly, Marvel guarantees that it continues delivering new movies that are of high caliber. Improving nature of motion pictures guarantees that Marvel stands rivalry from the adversaries. Different methods in which Marvel expands its opposition is through the creation of toys. These are toys utilized in the field of amusement and satire. The opposition technique likewise guarantees is that Marvel guarantees that there are no contentions concerning innovation of items. Wonder in this way guarantees its creations are unique. The other system conveyed by Marvel Entertainment is that of advertising. Advertising system guarantees that its items serve a wide market. Thusly, Marvel guarantees that its conveyance chains work well. Wonder likewise guarantees that it expands its showcasing by doing broad publicizing of its provisions. These endeavors guarantee that my clients get mindful of items advertised. Information on new items guarantees that there is expanded buy. The advertising additionally guarantees that the progressions made in their creations become clear. The showcasing methodology is the determiner of the multiplication of the creations of the organization. This is in such a case that more creations become sold, at that point the creation speed would be raised. The other procedure is that of the executives. Wonder guarantees that it sends this technique to guarantee that its activities are up to norm. This is on the grounds that administration is a delicate fragment that requires precise dealing with. Along these lines, Marvel guarantees that activities of its portions are up to norm. Wonder guarantees that responsibility in the executives gets vocal. The board approach likewise guarantees that everything runs well. There is likewise a permitting technique for Marvel (Beamish, 250).â

Summer in the Amazon Reliving Hakuna Matata COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer in the Amazon Reliving Hakuna Matata COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog During the summer I had the privilege to work with Fundacion Runa in Tena Ecuador. Located in the middle of the Ecuadorian Amazon, Fundacion Runa specializes in commercializing Guayusa (a tea native to the land and sacred to the Quichua Community). Since its creation initiation in 2010, Runa has earned Fair Trade labeling through FAIR TRADE USA due to its organically grown products. The foundation offers different internships directly related to the product including agro-forestry research, social impact studies and community development. As the community development intern, I focused on working with the FAIR TRADE social premium fund. Under Fair trade agreements, 15% of all Guayusa sales must be redirected to the community. Other fair trade organizations have help fund schools, buses to schools and health clinics for women. The purpose of my internship was to establish goals and set deadlines for projects that the Guayusa Co-Operative could work on in the future. My assignment over the two months was to focus on issues pertaining to children and women of the Quichua community. I was able to do research by talking to different members of the community and working with children for three hours every other day. It was difficult at first because of the lack of trust and because most of the work I did set the foundation for the future. I was also able to find resources through local children defense fund and work with them on children issues including rights and harassment. For two months, I was able to witness poverty but also help the foundation set a plan for women and children in the Quichua Community: Immediate necessities include simple first aid kits for each community and operational schools throughout the academic year. I was also able to establish a youth council for teens in Alto Tena with the sole purpose to voice their opinions on how and what to fund for their communities. The youth council will provide a voice to the youth and hopefully allocate funding for things they need: operational schools, health clinics, etc. The work was challenging. I visited communities in the middle of the rainforest; sometimes not accessible through cars or busses. I experienced the Quichua culture: tried delicacies (larvas), checked out the Fincas, learned a couple of words in Quichua and even attended school with the children. The internship solidified my interest in local domestic issues and how to solve them using a different perspective. I was also able to put into practice management techniques learned in class. post submitted by Eder Gaona-Macedo, MPA 2014, concentrating in Urban and Social Policy (USP)

Summer in the Amazon Reliving Hakuna Matata COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer in the Amazon Reliving Hakuna Matata COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog During the summer I had the privilege to work with Fundacion Runa in Tena Ecuador. Located in the middle of the Ecuadorian Amazon, Fundacion Runa specializes in commercializing Guayusa (a tea native to the land and sacred to the Quichua Community). Since its creation initiation in 2010, Runa has earned Fair Trade labeling through FAIR TRADE USA due to its organically grown products. The foundation offers different internships directly related to the product including agro-forestry research, social impact studies and community development. As the community development intern, I focused on working with the FAIR TRADE social premium fund. Under Fair trade agreements, 15% of all Guayusa sales must be redirected to the community. Other fair trade organizations have help fund schools, buses to schools and health clinics for women. The purpose of my internship was to establish goals and set deadlines for projects that the Guayusa Co-Operative could work on in the future. My assignment over the two months was to focus on issues pertaining to children and women of the Quichua community. I was able to do research by talking to different members of the community and working with children for three hours every other day. It was difficult at first because of the lack of trust and because most of the work I did set the foundation for the future. I was also able to find resources through local children defense fund and work with them on children issues including rights and harassment. For two months, I was able to witness poverty but also help the foundation set a plan for women and children in the Quichua Community: Immediate necessities include simple first aid kits for each community and operational schools throughout the academic year. I was also able to establish a youth council for teens in Alto Tena with the sole purpose to voice their opinions on how and what to fund for their communities. The youth council will provide a voice to the youth and hopefully allocate funding for things they need: operational schools, health clinics, etc. The work was challenging. I visited communities in the middle of the rainforest; sometimes not accessible through cars or busses. I experienced the Quichua culture: tried delicacies (larvas), checked out the Fincas, learned a couple of words in Quichua and even attended school with the children. The internship solidified my interest in local domestic issues and how to solve them using a different perspective. I was also able to put into practice management techniques learned in class. post submitted by Eder Gaona-Macedo, MPA 2014, concentrating in Urban and Social Policy (USP)

The Worst and Best Breakup Lines

Your relationship is not working out. You have hit a dead-end, and now your relationship is a cesspool of broken promises, jealousy, and boredom. You know that you have to end the relationship, but how do you approach this issue sensitively? If you handle things callously, you may end up with a bruised eye. If you are oversensitive, you may end hanging on to a dead relationship, feeling bitter and exhausted. Breaking up with someone is never easy. Especially, if you have been with been with that person for a long time. However, if things come to a head, and you feel it is time to move on, it is best to have a clean break up without carrying the burden of heartbreak or unspoken feelings. Saying unkind words, calling each other names, or simply shutting all communication with your partner is extremely bad ways to break up. If you expect to be in a healthy relationship, you should at least have the maturity to break up without being abusive or selfish. How Not to Break Up: 6 Worst Breakup Lines That Can Land You in Trouble If you don’t want your current girlfriend or boyfriend to become a stalking ex, or your spouse to file for divorce on grounds of mental harassment, you must ensure that the breakup does not become an ugly brawl. Also, how you express to your partner that you are breaking up with her will go a long way in restoring her faith in relationships and men. Here are six common breakup lines that can land you in trouble. 1. â€Å"It’s not you, it’s me.† This is a classic excuse when you want to avoid confrontation. Though it may seem non-accusatory, this breakup line is not fair because you don’t give the person a chance to find out what really went wrong. Worse, its usually not true: there are usually reasons for breaking up that relate to incompatibility on both sides. So what do you do, if it is really not her, but you that is the problem in the relationship? What if you mean it, sincerely? If it’s really not her, but you that is the problem, explain why thats the case. Perhaps you are truly unable to commit to a long-term relationship because you are financially insecure, or emotionally overwhelmed, or still in love with your ex. If there really is something going on with you that makes a relationship impossible at this time, don’t leave without offering a genuine explanation for the breakup. 2. â€Å"I want to take it slow.† To most people, I want to take it slow means I like you and want to pursue this relationship but at a different speed. While its possible that your partner will respond by walking away from the relationship altogether, a decent human being will see an opening to a conversation about how youd like to proceed. Do you want to get together less frequently? Slow down your physical relationship?  Ã‚   Bottom line, asking to take it slow is a great way to slow down the pace of your romance (assuming that youre in the early stages of getting to know one another). Its a poor way to actually end a relationship, and its almost certainly the wrong thing to say if youve been in a committed relationship for years! 3. â€Å"I am not ready for a relationship.† If you were not ready to be involved, what were you doing all along? Why put on a charade, and then pull the plug just when your partner was getting serious? A breakup line such as this one shows that you have no respect for your partner’s feelings. It is okay to not want to take the relationship to the next level if you are not ready. However, it is not fair that you choose to break off the relationship because you suddenly realized that what you thought was a  fairy tale romance was actually a real-world relationship with a flawed human being. 4. â€Å"Let’s just be friends.† This is the most dangerous breakup line, ever. It sounds like you are giving a compensatory reward to your partner by promising to be â€Å"friends.† Really? Do you expect her to buy that? Did you know that by promising to be friends, you are asking for trouble? Breakups are hard, and at this vulnerable moment, you might end up together on a rebound. Because, hey, you said you wanted to be â€Å"friends,† right?  If you truly continue to spend time together as friends, you may never be able to move on and never able to fully commit to your partner. 5. â€Å"I will always love you, but never like that.† Did you suddenly decide to become a saint? If you ever decide to use this breakup line, don’t be surprised if you end up with a bloody nose or an egg on your face. Why would you say that you love her when you don’t? Many people use this breakup line in the heat of the moment, hoping to diffuse the tension. However, this breakup line will always haunt you, even after you have long moved on. Don’t throw crumbs at your partner. It is not fair for you to break her heart, after leading her on to believe that you loved her. 6. Youre great, but it is really your sister I fancy. Even if this is the truth, please dont blurt it out. Some truths are best buried. You date a girl, only to later fall in love with her sister. How do you think shes going to take the news? Would she hug you and say, Oh wow! Im so happy to have you as my boyfriend and brother-in-law!? Or would she kick you out of her house and her life, the moment you utter those words? And what good would it do you to inform her that your heart flutters at the sight of her sister? No self-respecting girl would ever take this breakup line well. 9 Perfect Breakup Lines from Famous People Here are 9 famous quotes to use for breakup lines. They help to communicate the pain of breakup without seeming over the top. Use them to create your own personal breakup line. Borrow the ideas without making it clichà ©d. Let your breakup line be as memorable as your pickup line was.:   Maggi Richard Two words. Three vowels. Four consonants. Seven letters. It can either cut you open to the core and leave you in ungodly pain or it can free your soul and lift a tremendous weight off your shoulders. The phrase is: Its over. Marilyn Monroe Sometimes good things fall apart so better things can fall together. Sarah Mlynowski Just because a relationship ends, it doesn’t mean it’s not worth having. Alex Elle I’m thankful for my struggle because without it I wouldn’t have stumbled across my strength. Amit Kalantri I cannot compromise my respect for your love. You can keep your love, I will keep my respect. Judith McNaught,  Paradise Either give me your hand, or end it now, and put us both out of our misery. Lone Star I’m going to smile and make you think I’m happy, I’m going to laugh, so you don’t see me cry, I’m going to let you go in style, and even if it kills me – I’m going to smile. Fannie Flagg,  Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe You know, a heart can be broken, but it keeps on beating, just the same. S. B. Morse,  Now and at the Hour of Our Death A broken heart is just the growing pains necessary so that you can love more completely when the real thing comes along.

Critical Analysis Starry Night over the Rhone Essay

Norris Freeman Art Appreciation Professor Gadson 20 February 2013 Critical Analysis: Starry Night Over the Rhone Vincent Van Gogh was a Dutch artist from the mid 1800’s who was considered to have created approximately 2000 artworks. Growing up, he was classified to be highly emotional and having low self-esteem. Within those depressed emotions, it helped him pioneer the path of expressionism in his art pieces. But as he got more into him artwork he came more mature with his artwork and caused his color patterns and brush strokes to evolve into another style of art called Impressionism. Starry Night Over the Rhone was one of his last ‘few years’ paintings. It was painted in September of 1888. The canvas resides in Musà ©e dOrsay,†¦show more content†¦Another interesting part of this canvas is the direction of the reflections showing from the water. Van Gogh tries gives us this sense of calm movement with the reflection of the lighting going in a downward course. Also, the artist shows the viewer the grouping from the stars, to the lights from the houses, to the refl ection form the water and which again it gives us the sense of the lighting going in a downward motion. Another main focal point in this canvas was subject matter. This is where the objects or events are described. The artist gives us different objects such as the old couple seems displayed as depressing. Or you can observe it as normal couple, walking across the river, enjoying the night. He also gives us a boat which could possibly be giving us a correlation because the boat looks like it’s broken or about to sink. There is also another interpretation with the object that Van Gogh displays which is, the stars. Depending upon which way you want to take it, they look like flowers or fireworks. Also, there is a sense of false appearance with the houses. If you stare at just the bank you will notice that it is just a bunch of bright lights but if you pay attention to the water close to the bank, you will acknowledge the darkness or shadow of the houses. What was the reason for Vincent Van Gogh creating the Starry Night Over

Analysis Of The Book Entanglement - 1902 Words

The study of quantum mechanics has been ongoing for hundreds of years. The book, Entanglement by Amir D. Aczel allows the reader to see the evolution of the study of quantum mechanics over those hundreds of years from a fresh perspective. He offers an inside look at the scientists who have contributed so much to the field throughout the years. In his book, Aczel humanizes the people who we previously looked at just as names behind different theories, equations, and methods by exploring their backgrounds and their own unique motivations to study quantum mechanics. He shows how their work over the years built unto that of their predecessors. The scientists come from different generations and places, but Aczel shows that they all share something in common. While only some of them were aware of it at the time, all of their work would contribute to the discovery and understanding of one of the most complex issue of quantum mechanics, entanglement. However, even understanding entanglement was not enough to answer the question we still ask even today, why the quantum? The quantum theory we are familiar with today had not yet been developed when Thomas Young was working as a physicist, but his work was very important to quantum theory. Young was interested in many different academic fields in addition to his studies on light, such as natural philosophy and Egyptian hieroglyphics. He was also a trained physician. Perhaps it was a good thing that was not a very successful doctor,Show MoreRelatedHousehold Refuses Are Threatening Wildlife1240 Words   |  5 Pagesfind another plant dump their waste, they would keep pouring useless things into the ocean. Flow with the ocean currents, wastes could float to anywhere on the earth, and all the marine species might be affected by it. (Figure 1) Research and analysis: Ocean pollution could play a significant harmful influence on human. 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Beginning with American experience before the war then analyzing the experience of the war and the home-front itself and finally ending with the analysis of Ameri ca after World War II a conclusionRead MoreThe Organization s General Techniques1609 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance usage of CRM framework in connection to German organization.acoording to this, contextual analysis methodology is embraced which empowers the specialist in comprehension and to offer conversation starter identified with what happen, how thing work in CRM framework and why (yin, 2003).the above writing audit helps scientist in the diverse parts of CRM framework, potential entanglement and where to go amid the execution of CRM framework in association. The information for contextual investigation

Analysis of The Bet by Anton Chekhov free essay sample

The Bet is a short story that explores a moral theme regarding the value of human life. However, the story is constructed with an important ironic twist that brings the reader back to the original context of the bet (if the lawyer could endure solitary confinement for fifteen years), and presents an unexpected result. One can ultimately see that Anton Chekhov presents the readers with two different paths in the story. One of them is the banker, who refuses to face his own morality and the other is the lawyer (prisoner) who actually faces his own morality, but falls into despair because he is so disconnected from the outside world, even after gaining so much knowledge. These two characters may thrive on change, but they both alter their own human values in great ways.The banker, a spoiled and pampered man, is very nervous and gets himself carried away by excitement at the time he makes a bet with the lawyer. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of The Bet by Anton Chekhov or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is shown when he says, Fifteen! DoneGentlemen, I stake two millions. Chekhov shows the reader that this not the impulsiveness of youth since he describes it as excitability, which he could not get over even in advancing years. Later in the story, Chekhov paints the portrait of a cowardly man who lacks the courage to endure reality. One day before the lawyer is to be granted his freedom, the banker becomes irritated and anxious, The only escape from bankruptcy and disgraceis that the man should die. At this point, the reader can trace the bankers path from boastfully making a foolish bet to being the one to give up all that he had staked, and conclude that his self-values have reached their all time low.On the other hand, the lawyer, an older and wiser man, shows his dynamic characteristics as he changes dramatically in the course of the 15 year bet. The lawyers character completely transforms from being an arrogant, young man, in to a feeble, cynical, yet more intelligent man.

Chronic Back Pain and Gate Control Theory

Free Essays on Return With Honor

Return With Honor By: Capt. Scott O’Grady â€Å"Return With Honor† is a book whose author was an American pilot, Scott O’Grady, who was shot down above Yugoslavia in his F-16 fighting falcon. He tells about how he managed to survive and evade capture. He describes the religious trials he went through and what key events took place before, during, and after his ordeal. He begins by explaining how he had become an Air Force pilot, and how he managed to end up in the triple nickel squadron in Italy. On the day he was shot down his commanding officer, â€Å"Wilbur† asked him if he wanted to fly a mission that day. He hadn’t flown a mission all that month so if he flew one that day he would’ve gotten an extra 150$ for hazard pay, he figured why not and agreed. In the locker room he suited up, put on his G-suit, boots, and helmet, but he forgot his flight vest. O’Grady didn’t want to take everything off and put it back on again just for the vest, so he went on and decided to crank up the excellent climate control system in his F-16. He didn’t know how much he would need that extra layer of clothing in the up coming days. On this mission he was to be a wingman for â€Å"Wilbur†. They both took off and headed for Yugoslavian air space. On their trip they switched formations various times and their computers told them constantly that other radar stations were watching them. The both of them ignored the computer’s warning until it told Mr. O’Grady that a missile was tracking him. He looked around for the white trail of smoke and didn’t see the missile. It barely missed him and â€Å"Wilbur†, then he heard another warning that another Surface to Air missile was tracking him. Before he could turn his head the missile slammed directly into the middle of his fuselage. The airplane broke into two halves and he started to plummet towards the ground. O’grady pulled the handle of his ejection suit and rocketed out of his... Free Essays on Return With Honor Free Essays on Return With Honor Return With Honor By: Capt. Scott O’Grady â€Å"Return With Honor† is a book whose author was an American pilot, Scott O’Grady, who was shot down above Yugoslavia in his F-16 fighting falcon. He tells about how he managed to survive and evade capture. He describes the religious trials he went through and what key events took place before, during, and after his ordeal. He begins by explaining how he had become an Air Force pilot, and how he managed to end up in the triple nickel squadron in Italy. On the day he was shot down his commanding officer, â€Å"Wilbur† asked him if he wanted to fly a mission that day. He hadn’t flown a mission all that month so if he flew one that day he would’ve gotten an extra 150$ for hazard pay, he figured why not and agreed. In the locker room he suited up, put on his G-suit, boots, and helmet, but he forgot his flight vest. O’Grady didn’t want to take everything off and put it back on again just for the vest, so he went on and decided to crank up the excellent climate control system in his F-16. He didn’t know how much he would need that extra layer of clothing in the up coming days. On this mission he was to be a wingman for â€Å"Wilbur†. They both took off and headed for Yugoslavian air space. On their trip they switched formations various times and their computers told them constantly that other radar stations were watching them. The both of them ignored the computer’s warning until it told Mr. O’Grady that a missile was tracking him. He looked around for the white trail of smoke and didn’t see the missile. It barely missed him and â€Å"Wilbur†, then he heard another warning that another Surface to Air missile was tracking him. Before he could turn his head the missile slammed directly into the middle of his fuselage. The airplane broke into two halves and he started to plummet towards the ground. O’grady pulled the handle of his ejection suit and rocketed out of his...

Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Report - Assignment Example It is important to understand that in the game, a player has to work through a set of situations for purposes of collecting key medieval artifacts as a way of gaining riches. It is this artifact that the female figure asks from its various players. Due to this situation, the organizations interactive online community has received a lot of negative comments regarding this situation. Another issue that emerges is the inability of the organizations programmers to remove this virus. This is because any attempt to remove the virus, another similar virus appears. The main reason as to why the organizations programmers are unable to remove this virus is based on the fact that there isn’t any programming solution that has the capability of solving the situation under consideration. Another issue that emerges is that this situation has managed to attract the attention of international media, which are reporting it as their headlines. The censorship bodies of the government are also notified, and they have put an injunction on the distribution of the game. Production: This situation will most possibly halt the production of these medieval quest games. This is because the audiences of these games are 13 year old children, who are not supposed to be exposed to sexually explicit materials. Marketing: The marketing of the games will have to stop, and the company engaging in a serious rebranding effort for purposes of promoting its image, and repairing the damage that is caused by the existence of the virus. It is important to explain that the relationship between the company and the media will also be on the negative, and this is mainly because of the negative publicity that emanates from the media, concerning the games under consideration. One proposal for solving the issues identified above is for the producer of the medieval gaming solution to is to stop the circulation

Strategic management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group Case Study

Strategic management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group - Case Study Example Their main strategy was elaborated product development cycle which grows on anticipation level among customers. Simultaneously the company showcased their innovations globally very well. Samsung on the other hand used time very well. They always try to make their presence felt in the market. Primary focus of Samsung was to capture low and middle end market. But with the help of fast innovations the company was able to perform well in premium end market also. The company is presently enjoying huge popularity for their products in every segment of global society. Internal capacities of both these two companies are very high. Both companies are having super innovative capabilities. Apple has done a good mixture of both science and arts in their products. Apple over the years has delivered super, elegant and simple experiences out of their products. It has made the organization a dominant player in the smart phone market. Apple is fighting legal battles with Samsung regarding infringemen t of patent rights. It is a very well thought business strategy from Apple to keep more firm foot on the global mobile industry. In this way Apple is trying to break free from competitions. The mission and vision statement of Apple is very much in line with their long term goals. Apple reinvented mobile phones and brought revolutionary changes in digital music systems. Samsung’s mission and vision statement is also in line with their long term goals. According to the company they believe in devotion of their human resources and their technology for the creation of good quality products and services which would contribute towards global society. Samsung is contributing towards South Korean economy heavily (Jeremy, 2010). Strengths: Samsung has unparallel ability to market their brands. Integration of hardware with many open sources like software and OS is also a great strength for Samsung. Superior product

Study on nightmares and there causes

Study on nightmares and there causes Nightmares are essentially negative emotions felt during the dream state. They elicit no movement during sleep and when a person wakes up from it, he or she can recall many but not all details. The environment, consisting of the society in which one lives and the experiences to which one is exposed, can affect types of dreams. These sociocultural factors can be considered the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate. Innate factors of age and presence of mental disabilities can be regarded as the nature argument. To what extent do sociocultural and innate factors influence nightmares in children? Young children have nightmares, many out of fear of abandonment; at that age, they have the need to be loved more than most other ages. However, this fear is not contained to a single culture; children have nightmares in every nation. Many parents try to avoid nightmares by putting their children to bed early; common culture shows that people sleep early to be well-rested but maybe sleep do es much more than that; it might be part of the de-stressing process each person needs at the end of the day, an outlet to renew and apply the adage every day is a new day. Sociocultural causes include movies children may have watched the night right before the nightmare. It was long believed that scary movies would induce nightmares and children would wake up in the middle of the night, scared to go back to sleep. In addition, children who have suffered war trauma and orphans are prone to nightmares. The environment has an effect on ones dreams. Children need more care from parents or guardians than another age; and those who are not guaranteed such mental safety relieve that stress in their dreams via nightmares. Sociocultural factors that may influence nightmares in children include TV/movies, stress, and war trauma. TV/Movies Fisher and Wilson (1987) reported that many parents blamed their childrens nightmares on TV shows. Their children said that scary dreams were related to something they watched on TV (Muris et al., 2000). Children report watching TV as the most often done activity weekly, followed by playing computer games (Schredl et al., 2008). When children four- to eleven-years-old watched TV, they developed sleeping disorders (Owens et al., 1999). Thompson Christakis (2005) found that infants and toddlers also developed irregular sleeping schedules due to excessive TV-viewing. Schredl and Pallmer (1997) concluded that the content of nightmares was influenced by fairy tales, cinema, and TV. One possibility for this excess in nightmares could be the mental insecurity in their lives and the viewing of movies that elicit a similar fear that triggered the nightmare from their real-life fear, not the fear from the movie. However, Schredl et al. (2008) found that fourteen percent of their sample report ed watching police and criminal fiction without having an expected increased amount of nightmares. This discrepancy could be due to the fact that they have an interest in the topic or they feel secure in their environment. An experiment (Foulkes et al., 1967) consisted of thirty-two male children, ages ranging between six and twelve, with families in the middle class staying two nights in the laboratory for the experiment with one night at home in between the two to rest. Half the boys watched a short film about the old West, a hostile stimulus about Native Americans attacking European settlers, while the other half watched a non-violent film about baseball on the first night, and on the second night, the boys watched the other film. Both the younger and older boys showed more interest in the Western film. They had nightmares twice as much on Baseball nights than on Western nights. The difference in the two films had no effect on sleep onset or time to the initial REM period. The myth of watching scary or violent movies before bedtime is false. The nonaggressive Baseball film elicited more vivid dreams that were more aggressive and scary than those elicited by the violent Western film. Even though the Baseball film preceded a more frightening dream, the boys had no greater difficulty in falling asleep on that night than on the night they watched the Western film. Watching a more intense, violent movie worked off more stress, and then the stress did not have to be relieved in the boys dreams through nightmares. It seems as if the greater viewing involvement the young boys have towards the films may release accumulated psychological tensions as opposed to the seemingly obvious effect of exposing them to more stress leading to nightmares (Foulkes et al., 1967). Another study has found a greater number of nightmares after adults watch a violent film as opposed to a peaceful film. The subjects were sophisticated intellectual types who did not pay much attention to the films shown to them. As opposed to the young boys interest in the violent film, these adults were more interested in the nonviolent film (Foulkes Rechtschaffen, 1964). This cause in nightmares is due to the stress-relief effect; watching violent films releases anxiety and such emotions, and without them, people will have such emotions permeate their dreams. Both studies, regarding adults and children viewing violent and nonviolent films, suggest that if the film that attracts more interest from the individual viewer contains more violence, the less aggressive the plot will be in their dreams. However, most adults did not have much interest in the violent film which explains their higher amount of nightmares. Stress After watching the violent and nonviolent films, the low distortion of the boys dream content indicates that everyday experiences interfere with dreams and that the content is rarely out of the ordinary (Foulkes et al., 1967). Berrien (1935) found that more activity during the day precedes emotionally devoid dreams. Events right before sleep have some impact on the nature of some of his participants dreams. Attendance in usual day activities has little influence on dreams. Unusual night or evening activities that cause lack of sleep inhibit the frequency of dreams. According to parental reports of their young children and preteens (Owens et al., 1991) and self-reports of seventeen- and eighteen-year-olds who watch enticing television shows (Van den Bulck, 2000), the children sleep less as a result of watching too much television. Sleep deprivation is also linked to computer game play (Tazawa Okada, 2001) negatively in relation to time. Sadeh, Raviv, and Gruber (2000) said that sleep in children is sensitive to cultural and psychosocial influences. Social influences include but are not limited to parents, personality, and education (Morrell, 1999; Rona, Gulliford Chinn, 1998; Sadeh Anders, 1993; Van Tassel, 1985). Stress and trauma can cause nightmares and scare the child awake. They defined poor sleep as sleep that is characterized by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a sleep percentage lower than 90 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ waking three times or more per night on average. The parents higher education level had improved sleep quality, and family stress caused poorer sleep quality. Families living in areas exposed to war conditions have children who are more concerned about their parents and take adult responsibilities earlier than do children in safe conditions (Yule, 2002; Punamaki, 1987, 2000). As a result, they are more concerned about threat towards their family, friends, and homes in their dreams. The stress they get from worrying about others induces nightmares, reality imposing on the unconscious mind. Crugnola et al. (2008) compared childrens dreams in April and June. Exams for the end of elementary school were held in June and it may have been stressful for the children. Males showed an increase of female characters in their dreams and an increase in aggressive interaction, but a decrease in physical aggression. Dreams involving positive emotions and events increased in frequency as well. Girls showed a similar decrease in the male/female percentage of characters in their dreams and a decrease in physical aggression. Spain (Oberst, Charles, Chamarro, 2005), the United States (Saline, 1999), and Switzerland (Strauch Lederbogen, 1999) have similar distributions concerning aggression. Stress in real-life decreased physical aggression possibly because stress is generally caused by fear that one cannot do anything about the situation or fear over the outcome of the situation. Also, stress increased physical interaction, possibly as a stress release. In the case of watching TV, night mares decreased from watching TV as a stress reliever. In the case of exams, the stress that needs to be relieved is the childs reality, and the fear increases nightmares. Orphans reported more dreams than did non-orphans. Girl orphans reported more dreams than did the boys, while there was not a difference among the boy and girl non-orphans. Boys reported more aggression, while girls dreams involved anxiety. Older children reported more bizarre dreams. Children who have had traumatic experiences have dreams with death and destruction and negative feelings (Punamaki et al., 2005). Although the general effect of being an orphan is dominant in this study, there is still an inconsistency between demographic factors. There seems to be more of an effect of gender and age probably due to environmental factors, the way older children are treated, the difference in treatment between girls and boys, etc. War trauma Children in war conditions have more nightmares from the traumatic events. The nightmares serve as an outlet to protect survivors mental health (Hartmann, 1995). Military trauma in Palestinian children did not negatively affect mental health; they had dreams with mixtures of feelings and bizarre plots, while there was high psychological stress in children with common dreams (Punamaki, 1998). Children whose dreams related to their traumatic events adjusted better than children without that relationship (Barrett, 1996). Also, since bizarre dreams are easily remembered (Punamaki, 1997; Schredl, Kleinferchner, Gell, 1996), children living in traumatic conditions remember their dreams. Traumatic events had an effect on earlier developmental stages and included negative feelings. Severe trauma can cause children to regress and lose cognitive and emotional skills (Smith et al., 2002). Along with the fear from exams, fear from war trauma is stress in reality. The increase in nightmares could be due to the increase in the need to reduce stress, while the decrease in nightmares from watching violent films is due to the actual watching as the stress reliever. Revonsuo (2000) developed the Threat Simulation Theory of dreaming (TST) that states that peoples dreams replicate threatening events and that those events activate the threat simulation system. Dreams come from the long-term memory, which is traced from the degree of negative emotions and most recently encoded or activated memory trace. The TST failed to explain responses to threats in dreams of children exposed to war trauma. Their dreams self-reacted to only one-third of the threats. Children exposed to trauma had longer, more frequent, severe, and aggressive dreams than children unexposed and out of those dreams, they had more threatening ones. The children were most often the ones most threatened, followed by their loved ones, strangers, and then their homes. The children who suffered from trauma had dreams that self-reacted more from life-threatening events than any other threats, while normal children had no difference in self-reaction (Valli et al., 2006). Seligmans (1980) learned helplessness theory explains why traumatized children reacted to threats as frequently as the non-traumatized children; in real life, they learned that efforts to fix the situation were futile. The non-traumatized children did not learn from real life experiences and reacted to try and resolve the situation Hartmann (1995) described dreaming as a type of homeostasis, a process by which these children can return to a balanced center mentally. Dreaming is such an outlet to rid the negative emotions and wake up to a positive reality, serving as a mood regulation process (Punamaki, 1999; Cartwright, Luten et al., 1998; Kramer, 1993). Without such dreaming, a child will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (Breslau, 1998). Innate causes Innate factors also have an effect on nightmares. Ability to recall dreams has also been a factor in the existence of nightmares. If children cannot remember their dreams, then they will tell researchers and psychologists that they did not have nightmares the night before. Girls have a higher level of dream recall in comparison to boys; however, they may have not actually had more nightmares than the boys; they maybe have only recalled more. Innate factors that may influence the prominence of nightmares in children include mental deficiencies, age, and gender. Mental deficiencies Participants of another study were six- to twelve-year-old children admitted to the Allentown State Hospital in Pennsylvania for people who have mental deficiencies. The children had dreams of two categories: emotional or devoid of emotion, indeterminate emotion. On the fourth day, only one dream with emotional coloring was reported. The average amount of emotional dreams during the first three days was approximately twelve and for the fifth to seventh, there were around fifteen instances of emotional coloring. The fourth days events consisted of watching a movie and sleeping an hour later than on average nights. On the ninth day, they saw a play and also had an increase in emotional coloring (Berrien, 1935). This increase in emotional coloring could be due to the fact that their increase in activities resulted in a higher exposure to daylight which could influence depth of sleep, declining the frequency of dream activity. Berrien (1935) took count of emotions and actions during their sleep. The five most frequent emotions included pleasure, commanding, fear, anger, and resent in order of frequency. The most recurring actions the children exhibited during the night were mumbling, and walking or talking. He also recorded dreams hourly and found that it differed from a study he found of college students who dream more at the beginning and end of their sleep, with less frequency in the third hour, while his findings in children shows a gradual decline in dreaming as time progresses. This difference might be the result of innate tendencies; the mental deficiencies and problems could be causing the time lapses in the childrens dreaming. There is an overall trend in dreaming as morning approaches and both IQ and age have a slight positive influence on the frequency of dreams. Age Older children, in their teenage years, had pleasant dreams after watching TV; and Computer games caused 10% of nightmares in boys, twice as much as in girls who had only 5%. Boys watch significantly more TV than girls do in Sweden possibly because they are targeted more by television programs. First-year students had TV-related nightmares occur most often; although there is no distinction between boys and girls regarding nightmares. Boys also play more video games than girls do in both years; first-year girls play video games twice as often as boys do. Interestingly enough, first-year boys have both more nightmares and pleasant dreams than the other three age groups after playing video games and after watching TV. TV and video games caused a significant amount more pleasant dreams than nightmares in all age groups. Ignoring age, TV has a stronger effect on dreams in general disregarding whether it was a nightmare or a pleasant dream. (Van den Bulck, 2004) Even though older children and children of older parents fell asleep later and mostly woke up earlier than their counterparts, sleep quality remained the same. Sleep schedule is best estimated with the age of children and their parents and sleep quality was measured with the parents education and family stress. (Sadeh, Raviv Gruber, 2000) Foulkes (1982) found in dreams of children ages 3 to 15 years that developmental changes in their dreams imitated their actual emotional and cognitive changes. Children of median age had adult-like dreaming and older childrens dreams differences were from lifestyle differences. Since children are still developing during preteen years, dream content is changing at the same time (Foulkes, 1982, 1999; Foulkes et al., 1990; Strauch, 2005; Strauch Lederbogen, 1999) until it stabilizes after late adolescence (Domhoff, 1996). Foulkes (1982) study of children showed that it was only around that age that their dreams began to have dreams on a higher intellectual level as adults. With age, children report longer dreams that involve more emotions and thinking (Foulkes, 1999; Punamaki, 1998). Older children had more bizarre dreams. Age might not directly influence the prominence of nightmares. Children of different ages are treated differently by each other and by adults. They feel different levels of responsibilities and put tasks in different orders of importance. Gender Males predominate in mens dreams, while males and females appear equally in womens dreams (Strauch and Lederbogen 1999; Domhoff, 1996; Hall Van de Castle, 1966). Avila-White, Schneider, and Domhoff (1999) conducted a study with twelve and thirteen year-olds and found that boys dreams differed from girls in the same ways mens dreams differed from womens in Hall and Van de Castles (1966) study with young adults; girls dreams contained an equal proportion of male and female characters in their dream as in womens dreams, and boys had an excess of male characters like in mens dreams. The male/female character ratio increased with age in girls; the seventeen- and eighteen-year-old girls had a higher male/female ratio than the younger groups (Oberst, Charles, Chamarro, 2005). The children in both Crugnola et al. (2008), and Giudicis (2008) and Salines (1999) studies also show that the most significant differences between men and women are similar to those found in preadolescents, like agg ressive/friendly interactions and male/female percentage. Males are more likely to report physical aggression in dreams (Oberst, Charles, Chamarro, 2005; Hall, et al, 1982), while women are more often victims of aggression (Saline, 1999; Domhoff, 1996) and have more introspective aggression, depression, and solution-seeking (Punamaki et al, 2005; Schredl, Sahin, Schafer, 1998). Children encounter more aggression, express more aggression, and come across more hardship than adults in their dreams (Hall and Domhoff, 1963; Domhoff, 1996). The youngest boys had a higher level of frequency and severity of receiving aggression in their dreams (Oberst, Charles, Chamarro, 2005). Strauch and Lederbogen (1999) found children to be victims in their dreams, while in waking life, they are the aggressors. Vulnerability, dependency, and fear of aggression could account for younger children having more aggression in their dreams than in those of older children, especially for young boys, who tend have more exposure to aggression than girls. More aggressi ve exposure, specifically in preadolescent boys, leads to more aggressive content in dreams (Achenbach Rescorla, 2007). The children with aggressive personalities were more prone to having aggressive personalities in their dreams, and children with unaggressive personalities had unaggressive personalities in their dreams. Also, women who do not work and stay at home have more dreams fitting the pattern for females, while women who work have dreams that follow a male pattern (Lortie-Lussier et al., 1992; Lortie-Lussier, Schwab, De Koninck, 1985). Dream content of males and females imitate the pattern of the social roles they have (Schredl, Sahin, Schafer, 1998). Foulkes (1982) studied positive social interactions among teenagers and found less negativity in their dreams. Avila-White, Schneider, and Domhoffs (1999) teenagers in study had more aggression than Hall and Van de Castles (1966) young adults; girls had a higher friendliness per character than did the women, while boys had lower friendliness per character than men. Boys have more aggressive interactions than girls (Crugnola et al., 2008). Nightmare frequency was significantly higher in girls than in boys, a finding explained by girls heightened dream recall frequency (Schredl et al., 2008). The tone of TV watched was not related to the emotional tone of the following nights dream; however, negative evening mood caused emotional dream to be negative, more pronounced in girls than in boys. Six- to eight-year-old boys could recall dreams better than the ten to twelve year old boys (Foulkes et al., 1967). The discrepancy in nightmare frequency, female/male ratio, presence of aggressive interactions, etc. could be a result of environmental factors. People put different pressures on girls as opposed to on boys; they set different expectations for each. Conclusion The studies used were done with small sample populations and could probably have been expanded on with populations of other samples. Also, some studies had multiple dependent variables, and the innate causes like gender and age had a causal relationship with the increase or decrease of nightmares. A single study determined that age, TV, and gender are all factors that caused a change in nightmares, making it difficult to see which is the initial cause. The innate factors seem to be caused by the sociocultural factors. Boys are exposed to more aggression and in turn have more aggression in their dreams because the way their parents treat them or what their teachers and peers expect of them. Girls have more depression because what society imposes on them. They fear becoming ugly, fat, or unwanted; therefore, these factors are incorporated in their nightmares; they face more emotional aggression than actual physical aggression. Age might have an influence based on the fact that older children may watch scarier TV shows or movies and younger children in normal cases fear losing their parents, their main caretakers. Innate factors for nightmares are less innate than they seem as they are caused by the childrens environment.

Safe Alternative to Toxic Chemicals Used in Agriculture :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

Safe Alternative to Toxic Chemicals Used in Agriculture    "Let the earth bring forth vegetation: every kind of plant that bears seed and every kind of fruit tree on earth that bears fruit with its seed in it. ‘And so it happened: the earth brought forth every kind of plant that bears seed and every kind of fruit tree on earth that bears fruit with its seed in it. God saw how good it was’" (Genesis 1:11-12). The world once consisted of a "Garden of Eden" where all was good and pure. Weather or not you believe in the Catholocists theory of how the earth was created is irrelevant. What we do know from research, technology, and tradition among cultures is that there was a period of time, in the beginning of time, where productivity did not rely on the "necessities" of a modern world. Although the world of technology has improved many aspects of the lives of humans and other fortunate creatures on this earth, it is also causing the destruction and extinction of other entities. The good earth that once occupied the land of this existing world is one of the unfortunate recipients of tragedy caused by the advancements of the improving world we live in. We live in an environment that is altered in every way by man. Every piece of material used each day is contaminated from humans trying to "improve" the normal lifestyle. This community we live in is no longer a natural one due to the products being used and the food being processed. Through the destruction of man, by man, an increase of deaths by serious illness has expanded. Humans should have reason to question the causes of these fatalities. The solution to this problem needs to be sought. It is pertinent that we educate ourselves and take interest in what is happening to the earth in order to ensure our future. The first goal that needs to be met is to determine and evaluate the chemicals that exist in the agricultural environment. Certain criteria such as evaluating statistics of illness and death caused by these chemicals, how government officials are regulating pesticidal use, and establishing alternative methods of living need to be included when evaluating this dilemma. The Industrial Revolution although a time of immense prosperity for the United States brought such inventions and chemicals to society that changed the world forever. The chemical and pesticide use on crops after World War I also contributed to the decline of the quality of

India and Future of Asia Essay

Introduction- As the world increasingly acknowledges India’s rising power status, India is adapting its foreign policy to meet the international challenges of the 21st century and to increase its global influence and status. For many years, India took pride in its role as leader of the Non-Aligned Movement and viewed itself as the primary defender of the rights of the less developed countries. In the past few years, New Delhi has expanded its strategic vision, most noticeably in Asia, and has broadened the definition of its security interests. While India has focused special attention on cultivating ties to the United States since 2000, the overall thrust of its foreign policy has been to seek geopolitical partnerships in multiple directions to serve its national interests. It has pursued special relationships with the U.S., Russia, China, and key European countries. In June 2006, Indian Defense Minister Pranab Mukherjee (the current foreign minister) described India’s foreign policy: â€Å"Premised on the twin policies of no extra-territorial ambition and no export of ideology, India seeks the peaceful resolution of all disputes.† He went on to say that â€Å"[s]imultaneous improvement in ties with the U.S., EU, and Russia and Southeast Asia, Japan, Korea, and China demonstrates that for the first time in its diplomatic history, India is forging significant strategic ties with both West and East Asia.† Broadening Indian engagement across the globe, especially in Asia, is in the U.S. interest and should be further encouraged. Washington’s and New Delhi’s strategic perceptions are increasingly converging, and there is tremendous opportunity to cooperate and coordinate in this dynamic region. Because India is a fellow democracy without hegemonic interests and with a propensity to seek peaceful resolution of conflicts, its increased economic and political involvement in Asia will help to further overall U.S. goals in the region. India’s involvement in Asia will help both to ensure that one country does not dominate the area and to encourage stability in a region that will take center st age in the 21st century. The period since India adopted the new economic paradigm and the LEP has witnessed substantial transformation of its global relations, including with the rest of Asia. This has primarily been due to the recognition of India’s increasing capacities to address its developmental challenges, and the potential of its soon to be USD 1000 billion economy to provide substantial commercial opportunities. India has grown at an annual rate of nearly 6 % per annum since 1980. Contrary to perceptions, India has been able to sustain high levels of growth without significantly increasing income inequality8. India has no parallel in managing relatively peaceful and democratic transfer of political and economic power among different social classes. It thus appears that India’s growth experience has been inclusive, though there is no room for complacency. Compared to East Asia, India’s growth strategy has relied relatively more on domestic markets, consumption rather than investments, decentralized entrepreneurial rather than state-led development9, and on financial and capital market intermediation in allocation of savings10 (Das, 2006; Huang, 2006, Morgan Stanley, 2006). India’s de-facto growth strategy is consistent with bottoms-up diagnostic approach to reforms advocated by Rodrik. However as India begins to pursue policies leading to higher savings and investments,11 and as the role of external sector increases12, differences in India’s growth characteristics on the one hand and those of East Asia may narrow13. India is also attempting to develop a robust diversified manufacturing base14 (Bradsher, 2006); and modernize its agricultural and plantation sectors. The emphasis is thus on creating a more balanced and resilient economy, and increasing India’s share in the world economy. India’s growth strategy and trajectory thus provide an avenue for global risk diversification for businesses and investors from around the world. India ranked 43rd on the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) moving up two places from last year. India scored well in indicators relating to innovation and sophistication of firm operations as well as in adoption of technologies from abroad. However weaknesses remain in the large budget deficit, (about 9 per cent of GDP), inadequate infrastructure investments, low level of efficiency in delivery of governance services, and a need for wider access to and improvements in quality of health and educational services. India in the changing scenario- So many things is changing in India. The launching of the manufacturing industry, the new importance given agriculture, the good, even excellent, level of scientific training, openings in the financial sector†¦ all generate optimism and international interest in a country with the possibility of achieving the highest growth rate in the coming 50 years. India enjoys this potential despite problems like monumental bureaucracy and lack of infrastructure. Meanwhile, democracies and a smoother path of development than China’s appear to be holding possible social agitation at bay. The novelty is not so much the policy of the new government of the Congress party: in power for just a year, it has hardly had the time to implement any real changes. The rampant India which emerged from the rule of defeated Nationalist party, Janata, has certainly not disappeared; thanks to use of English, this India focused on the services sector, primarily computers and also international de-localization of computerization and call centers. However, such a model is no longer viewed as an end goal to reach in the future. Even in India, euphoria and riches even excesses generated by the so-called new economy for a few to enjoy, have given way to a realization that the â€Å"old† economy is still relevant after all. International trends especially the lack of energy and increase in prices of petroleum and other raw materials have in fact revealed how the famous â€Å"light† development, based primarily on factory chimneys, is limited in its incomes evanescence saving on, and at the end of the day, it is immaterial. This new awareness has led to an overall change of direction. This means a new emphasis on: manufacturing industries, like textile industries; primary sources, like energy; exportation of certain raw materials, like iron minerals. And certainly not least in importance, agriculture has today become once again the focus of attention, that old Cinderella of the Indian economy, neglected and portrayed as the legacy of an archaic society, although a large proportion of the population still depends on it. Today, it has been recast as a strong point of some export industries like the textile sector, which can make the most of local availability of cotton to successfully counter the near-monopoly China enjoys in this market. In this overall change in direction, the government, for its part, is seeking to regain lost ground in comparison with Asian giants, China and Japan at least one year in guaranteeing energy sources for the industrial sector. In these very weeks, a diplomatic offensive is under way to ensure resources of petrolium and other raw materials wherever possible, not only in traditional and logical choices of Indian territory, but also in places both geographically and culturally distant, like Latin America. Re-orientation towards the manufacturing industry is certainly a consequence of changing trends at international level, but it also falls within the strategy of the Congress Party currently in power, which still enjoys a strong working-class base. Anyhow, the traditional style of industry, typical of a socialist and working class party, holds several winning cards. The new stimulus in the manufacturing industry is a key factor in determining the future of all societal structures. On the one hand, it provides more interesting and better paid jobs, on the other it calls for more qualified human resources, for training, ongoing commitment and improved tuition in economics, maths and computers. All this requires secondary and tertiary education systems which ensure proper scientific and technological teaching. So there is more than low salaries behind the meteoric growth spurt of India and China. The secret probably lies in the swift upgrading of training and tough selection, based on merit, of students. This is confirmed by the preference shown by American enterprises and research institutes for graduates from the Indian Institute of Technology. Indian excellence in mathematics has always been well known the numbers of the decimal system used for calculation are of Indian origin and more recently, Indians have now been shining at physics too. In view of all this, few would imagine that the expansion of manufacturing in India would be limited to the textile and computer industries alone. Already today, India is promoting itself, with high hopes of success, as a base for the de-localization of strategic industries like aerospace. In this sector, India can count on the importance of avionics, that is, of electronic control systems. India could exploit its dominance in the computer sector, as well as the low cost of a workforce which is highly qualified in science and engineering. Development opportunities are considerable even in the telecommunications sector, in the automobile industry especially in the spare parts sector, after foreign participation of up to 100% of investment was liberalized in 2002 and in pharmaceutical che mistry, as well as food industry. Indian economic growth is not due to external factors, a consequence of general Asia-wide expansion. Rather it is a gradual process over a long period, even if not everyone is involved. Dalits, that is pariahs, are still marginalized. The growth rate of India before this global slowdown was nearly 8%. With such growth rates, in 2022, the overall size of the Indian economy will surpass that of the UK, its former colonial master. According to research undertaken by Deutsche Bank, in 2020 India and China would have left Japan behind at fourth place, while the US would still take first place as the largest economy. Compared to China, India’s economic growth rate, although considerable, has not flourished so much in recent years, and it is inferior by around 20%. However, India and Malaysia will surpass China in terms of economic expansion rates within the next 15 years, most of all thanks to demographic expansion, to the increased size of the population’s working-age bracket. While the China’s average growth rate will be around 5.2% per year, that of India will be 5 .5% and that of Malaysia, 5.4%. So China will soon have to pay in economic terms for its one-child policy. According to Goldman Sachs, India’s economic growth will beat China’s from 2015 onwards. Dominic Wilson of Goldman Sachs said: â€Å"India has the potential to produce the highest growth rate in the next 50 years with an average of 5% per year over that entire period. The growth of China is predicted to fall below 5% around 2020.† However, India is meeting obstacles along the road towards growth. First because large sectors of the population, not only dalits but also peasants, are cut out And in the long term, development along two tracks of very different speeds is not sustainable: the risk is that profound and endemic social exclusion from new-found wellbeing will take root in unmanageable massive cities, a situation which would have clearly explosive potential. Another tough obstacle in the way of development is the imposing fiscal deficit of the public sector, both central and local. According to the International Monetary Fund, this deficit, at around 10% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) puts economic development at risk both because of insufficient fiscal collection as well as increased public debt, a carryover from previous decades. This constitutes a real risk because the financial system, and especially banks, are naturally obliged to favor investment in public debt stocks, which are considered, rightly or wrongly, to be more secure. This even if lessons could have been learnt from Argentina, although there were differences between that case and India’s. The end result is that savings are not pumped into productive activities and the capital market then lacks liquid cash. The state of the Indian stock exchange has so far been determined by decisions of big foreign institutional investors, the funds of specialized stocks investment in emergent countries. Certainly the 26 October decision of the Central Bank to keep the discount rate at 6%, the lowes t since 1973, is a positive one for industrial development. Also positive was the recent government decision to allow, in the near future, investment in shares of up to 5% of the value of the patrimony of private pension funds. However, these measures are insufficient to maintain sustainable development in the long-term. Besides, the current debts of India’s pension system constitute a hidden risk, although, as in Europe, they are about to be shared, not accumulated, meaning that future generations will be called upon to square the bills of those who work today. But, as in Europe, if demographic growth is stalled, the commitments, or better the lies, of the past will eventually impact on all society. Faced with estimates which foresee that future pension commitments will be increased by around 40% of the GDP, measures which the Indian government apparently intends to propose are too timid. Yet another obstacle standing in the path of Indian economic development is an endemic lack of infrastructure: roads and highways, bridges, airports and ports require important investment, but they are not completely compatible with the current state of public finances. Other urgent and hefty investments regard energy production and distribution plants. In these infrastructures, as well as for oil refineries, it would be possible to resort to private and foreign investment. However, complications caused by electricity tariffs established for political reasons have not permitted such a solution so far. The unresolved problem is guarantees of remuneration of capital , Enron, which went bankrupt some years ago. Such incidents are proof of the intricate web of powers and the widespread rivalry between local authorities and central government, which has a paralytical impact on global finance which deals in such transactions. Not least in this list of woes are health and education problems in rural areas. Contradicting aspects are inherent in India’s health system. On the one hand, it offers pockets of excellence in some private sectors, which have served to draw patients from all over the region to Indian clinics. In such structures, it is possible to conduct operations comparable to those in western countries and at a vastly inferior price. On the other hand, however, the total cost of health spending does not exceed 0.9% of the GDP, much less, even half what other countries at a similar stage of development would spend. It is this aspect which best illustrates the contradiction between optimism engendered by economic market growth and a group of significant social indicators. The bottom line is that although India’s development process is certainly more smooth than China’s its income redistribution curve is evolving in a more uniform manner and the middle classes are increasing in size and also in income per capita much remains to be done so that the marginalized are not excluded from the country’s growth. Two factors certainly confirm the initial optimism about India’s future and they guide estimates on its economic growth. One initial reason for optimism comes from the existence of valid internal financial markets, more because of their structures and regulations based on British standards than for their size. According to Richard Batty of Standard Life Investments, the balance of economic global power will change radically in the next 50 years and the stock market could provide an average annual yield of 10% in this period. The second reason for optimism is to be found in Indian political institutions, which although far from perfect, are nonetheless able to allow for changes in power. This offers a precious guarantee of stability which China, for example, cannot offer. Despite their limitations, especially at local level, Indian political institutions appear better able than their Chinese counterparts to better reconcile various sectors of the population. Triangle of India, China and Pakistan- Indian policy-makers have been facing a great challenge today to construct a peace-oriented but pragmatic long-term policy framework in an atmosphere where its neighbour Pakistan is hell bent for MAD (mutual assured destruction) persuasions and China is modernizing itself fast with DF-31 and DF-41 missile programmes along with MIRV (multiple independent re-entry vehicle) potentials. The shadow of the ghost of cold war days are still moving around and the principles of real politik are significantly being included in inter-national agenda. Recently held International Defence Exhibition And Seminar (IDEAS 2000 Pakistan) between 14th to 17th November at Karachi with its theme â€Å"Arms For Peace† and China as a significant participant could be perceived as catalytic to the rise of arms race in the South Asian region. On 17th November, Sonmiani Tactical Firing Range in Pakistan witnessed an unprecedented show of arms and ammunitions in its f ull range. Air Officer Commanding of the Southern Air Command Air Marshal Parvez Iqbal Mirza, while boasting the might of Pakistan defence, said to the attending guests that â€Å"all Pakistan-made weapons and ammunitions, which was of NATO standard, could not be displayed at the demonstration and only selective weapons would be shown off†. Few remarkable demonstrations at the exhibition were – Super Mashshak Trainer (produced at Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kaura), Karakoram-8 advanced jet trainer (co-produced by Pakistan and China), MirageIIIs, mobility display of Al-Khalid and Al-Zarrar main battle tank (a joint venture of Pakistan, China and Ukraine), T-59 IIM tanks, T-85-2APS, Anza MK-11 missiles, Ghauri and Shaheen missiles. Even the Pakistani sources confirm that never before Pakistan had put on display its full range of military might. And unlike any other initiative of Pakistan in the past, these military demonstrations were wedded to â€Å"show of strength† configured against India. Also, it was a psychological display of Pakistan’s claim for military self-confidence in the wake of mounting international pressure on Pakistan, especially from the U.S, to go slow on military hardware and to stop abetting the terrorist groups. In such upcoming adverse condition, Pakistan while on the one hand has been trying to reinforce its confidence amongst the Islamic states, on the other hand, apart from the clandestine supports from China, it has been pressing for new strategic and military partnerships. Ever since its coming into existence, the fundamental goal of Pakistan’s foreign and defence policies has been of â€Å"defiance† of international norms and values and to co-opt the tools that destabilise India’s territorial integrity and domestic tranquility. Defiance of international norms means violating the principles of non-interference in other country’s domestic affairs, or for that matter to launch attack on other’s territory. The nature of Pakistani involvement in Afghanistan during and after the cold war has always been a subject of international criticism and condemnation. Further, Pakistani statesmen and academia for the reasons only known to them are still justifying al l previous five misadventures of Pakistan against India. More so, Pakistan is being labeled as supporter to several terrorist outfits round the globe, and considered as a hot pursuant of weapons of mass destruction. Pakistan’s missile and nuclear development programmes are being increasingly encouraged by the Chinese politics towards the regional strategic triangle involving Pakistan, India and China. Subsequently, the regional adversaries not separately but jointly against India are raising the prospect of an arms race breaking out between India and China. Of course Pakistan has been acting and responding in a manner that definitely exceeds its strategic defence requirements. Hence, it is imperative to the Indian policy-makers to comprehensively understand, analyse and foresee the complexities and contours of Chinese international and regional behaviours. Evoking a sense of â€Å"mystery and fear† in international relations has long been a significant foreign policy characteristic of China. Historically, it is an aggressive and expansionist state. And in the post cold-war world, with regard to South Asian security environment China is likely to take moves on two basic premises – one related to the Sino-U.S relations, and the other directly linked to India. First, while advocating for multi-polar world order, China desires to become a potential alternative centre of power in any given international system. For this reason, despite glaring limitations in technological advancements in China, they inadvertently find the clash of interests with America at almost all the present and prospective conflict areas of the world. South Asia is definitely not any exception to it. The recent improvements in U.S-India ties and the increasing gulf between the U.S and Pakistan are being seen as direct threat to the Chinese predominance in this region. Subsequently the mutual distrust and misperceptions between China and the U.S.A, on the one hand, directly affect the Sino-U.S relations and, on the other hand, indirectly but substantially it would affect the South Asian regional security configurations. It may further provide scope for Pakistan to take more strides towards misadventures against India. Second, China desires to remain the sole â€Å"power† state in the Asian region. The rapid growth in Indian economy, especially its IT sector, together with the convincing progress in Indian defence advancements pose direct threat to the Chinese dominance in the region. Whether India is being referred directly or not in the Chinese world propositions, it is a fact today that India matters a lot to the Chinese strategic thinkers. Now, it is understandable by several means that Beijing could face considerable, if not devastating, reaction if anything done undesirable or against the vital interest of New Delhi. After all, future possibility of ‘engagement’ or ‘containment’ depends mainly in the development of India’s strategic build-ups. Chinese moves to contain the Indian strength are based on its policy of â€Å"encirclement of India†. Long back in 1983 U.S intelligence agencies had reported that China had transferred a complete nuclear weapon design of 25 KT nuclear bomb to Pakistan and had been helping to Pakistani centrifuge programme. Again in 1986, it was revealed that China sold Tritium (that is used to achieve fusion in a nuclear device) to Pakistan and Chinese scientists assisted Pakistan with the production of weapons-grade fissile material (Uranium) at A.Q.Khan laboratory, Kahuta. Further, in 1991, Wall Street Journal reported that Pakistan was buying nuclear-capable M-11 missiles from China. In addition, apart from the controversial Chinese sale of 5000 ring magnets, China has also been involved in transferring M-9 missiles to Pakistan. Thus, China has long been recklessly providing Pakistan with nuclear technology, conventional weaponry and missile systems to keep Pakistan’s ambitions high against Indian defence preparedness. Subsequently, by keeping the Pakistan-India hostility alive, China acts on the two-pronged foreign policy towards India. Further, towards its policy of â€Å"encirclement of India†, China has also established a radar base in Coco island (belonging to Myanmar) that is only a gunshot away from the Indian Andmand and Nicobar islands. More so, recently the Indian Coast Guards that raised apprehensions across the Indian line of defence interrupted a Chinese trawler fitted with modern electronic surveillance equipments off the Indian shores. In addition, it has been widely reported of Chinese move of deployment of nuclear forces in Tibet and other bordering provinces and the advancements towards Chinese DG-25 missiles are being specially planned as counter move to Indian development of Agni II and III missiles. It has also been reported that a further upgrade of Hong Niano-3 (HN-3) is now being developed with range increased to 2.500Km for ship, submarine and aircraft launch. India’s motivation towards its strategic defence build-up flies in the face of conventional wisdom with recently achieve d vigour of deterring the Chinese threat of â€Å"encirclement of India†. And the proclamation of the Indian Defence Minister George Fernandes just after the launch of Agni II that â€Å"with this launch, no one, from anywhere, will dare to threaten us from now†, wisely stages India at a considerable level across the spectrum of rivaling strengths in the South Asian region. Although Indian moves for weaponisation programmes are primarily driven by the combined hostile attitudes of its neighbours, this may further lead Pakistan to more destructive engagements against India. The present environment of this region is so complicated, that even after a decade since the end of cold war, the western and Indian scholars have been facing difficulty in coming out with any definitive future trend in the South Asian strategic arrangements. In such volatile circumstances, the Standing Committee on Defence in its Report projects the level of Indian defence readiness as â€Å"The Kargil conflict of 1999 has been referred as wake-up call†. It includes the long -term vision and planning for enhancing the defence capabilities. No doubt, the real and immediate need for India today is a solid back up of conventional hardware. Priorities are to be delimited for the speedy acquisition of defence equipment and technologies. Overestimation of indigenous potential in a given period of time may lead to further delays and might cost wastage of valuable resources. Areas of strengths and weaknesses are to be carefully drawn and closely monitored for effective conventional warfare in time of need. No doubt, it is proud to hold ‘minimum credible nuclear deterrence’, but at the same time ‘ignorance’ or ‘negligence’ on its ‘command and control’ mechanism part may prove fatal for the nation. Only an effective inter-linkage within C-3I (Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence) could really boost the inner strength in holding the â€Å"nuclear button†, and to maintain some level of ascertained minimum deterrence capability. As far as dealing with international environment is concerned, tough task ahead for India is to maintain and build better India-U.S relations and to re-strengthen the hands of cooperation with Russia. It is always preferable for India to go for constructive engagement with China along with other interested partners than to seek Pakistani engagement only due to domestic compulsions. Last but not least, at first, to have a healthy relationship with China, India needs to break the mental blockade of its past experience. After all, now onwards India is a declared nuclear weapon power state with an emerging strong economy.

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